安徽淮南地区2005年麻疹监测病例流行病学分析

Analysis of measles epidemiological characteristics of measles surveillance system in Huainan city in 2005

目的了解淮南地区麻疹流行病学特点,为控制麻疹提供依据。方法对2005年麻疹监测数据进行分析。结果全年共报告麻疹疑似病例421例,分布在全市6个县(区),发病呈散发和爆发并存,爆发病例占总发病例数的19．24%。3～6月出现发病高峰；年龄分布为＜8个月58例,占13．78%,8个月至15岁262例,占62．22%,＞15岁101例,占24．00%；421例麻疹病例中,有免疫史占21．62%,无免疫史的占55．82%,免疫不详的占22．56%,8个月至15岁262例麻疹中,有麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史者79例,占30．15%,都为1针免疫。结论发病主要原因是麻疹疫苗接种率低、各类易感者增多。提示在加强MV基础免疫和复种工作的同时,开展麻疹疫苗初始化强化免疫活动,同时提高接种质量和麻疹监测质量,是控制麻疹发病的有效措施。

Objective To the data of measles surveillance system（MSS） in Huainan city of Anhui province in 2005 in order to understand the measles epidemiologieal characteristics. Methods 421 suspected measles cases were reported. The cases distributed in 6 counties（districts）. Both the sporadic and outbreak cases in the same districts existed, 19.24% eases were outbreak eases. In all measles eases, 13.78% （58 eases） were below 8 months, 62.22 % （262 eases） were from 8 months to 15 years old, the rest accounted for 24.00%. The prevalent season was from March to June. In all measles eases,21.62 % had measles vaccine immunization history. One dose 96.70 % ,the second dose were 3.30% ,55.82% were non-vaccinated and 22.56% were uncertain. Results Measles eases were mainly due to tow immunization coverage rate and failure of immunization coverage. Conclusion It is more important to carry out the measles ＂catch-up＂ immunization,the first immunization and revaccination must be strengthened and vaccination quality must be improved. Effective strategy for measles control includes strengthening measles surveillances system, improving the immunization coverage rate and developing mass vaccination and so on.