务农农民社会保障体系的构建设想

Tentative of the Construction on the Social Security System of the Farming Peasants

社会保障是体现社会公平的重要内容之一。但我国目前将占人口较大比例的农民排除在社会保障体系之外,这就有失社会保障体现社会公平的最初目标。随着我国经济的不断发展,我国农民这一群体逐渐分化为具有鲜明特征的三类群体:一是失地农民;二是在城乡之间流动的农民,即“农民工”;三是到目前为止仍然从事农业生产的农民。针对我国务农农民生产、生活特点,务农农民社会保障体系的构建应注意三个方面:第一,建立强制的医疗和生育险;第二,在务农农民养老保险的设计上,应采取在继续强化现行的农村“五保”的前提下,推行以家庭养老为主、社会养老和商业养老为辅的养老模式;第三,建立农村最低生活保障制度。

Government shoulders social fair problem, and social security is an important content of the social fairness. China＇s social security policy only covers urban residents basically, but most rural residents of population have been excluded. Therefore, social security status quo in China strayed away from its original intent. With the developing of China＇s economic, the peasants in China has split up gradually, and can be divided into three categories with distinct characteristic： First, the peasant who has lost their land but from identity is still a peasant; Second, the peasant who works between non- agriculture and agriculture; Third, peasants who has still engaged in farming currently. The construction of the social security system of farming peasants is firmly linked to their living and working features. The method as follows： First, compulsory medical treatment and birth insurance must be set up at first. Second, to establish endowment insurance for peasants, based on ＂ five guarantees＂ policy, the mode of supporting the aged should rely mainly on the co- efforts of family, social pension and commerce as complement. Third, rural minimum living security system should be set up.