对儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员进行能力本位培训的效果评价

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Clinical Competency-Based Training for Nurses in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department

目的确定开展能力本位培训对儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员专科知识及技能的影响。方法选择2003年在上海儿童医学中心血液肿瘤科全体临床护理人员26名。根据美国St.Jude儿童研究医院的认证经验和相关文献设立儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员的专科能力本位培训内容与方法;每项项目是重复3次的滚动式标准培训,培训共持续8个月。根据培训内容设计知识试卷和操作评分标准;培训前用知识试卷进行前测,培训结束后用同一张试卷进行后测,比较前测和后测结果。同时培训后用操作评分标准测试操作技能。结果培训后临床护理人员的知识水平比以前有显著提高,P=0.000;培训后护理人员操作第1次合格率为96.2%。结论系统的标准临床专科能力本位培训能显著提高儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员的专科核心能力。

Objective To identify the efficacy of clinical competency-based training on knowledge and skills of nurses in pediatric hematology-oncology department. Methods Core competency - based training model of nurses in pediatric hematology and oncology department was developed according to the literature review and experience of St. Jude Research Hospital（USA）. It included cognitive and psychomotor domains. Training contents were developed according to the requirement of each domain. Examination paper and checklist of each skill were developed to measure the cognitive and psychomotor domains according to the training contents. Quasi-experimental design was used for 26 nurses in pediatric hematology-oncology department. All the subjects attended the examination used self- developed examination paper before clinical training. Standard training courses were given in 8 months, every standard training course was repeated three times. All the subjects attended the examination used the same examination paper after clinical training. SPSS was used to compare the level difference of knowledge between the two tests. Meanwhile, the checklist evaluated psychomotor skills after training. Results It was demonstrated that knowledge level of nurses after clinical competency-based training was significantly higher than before（ P = 0. 000）. The percentage of nurses who reached the standards of checklist of skills at the first test was 96.2 %. Conclusion The standard competency - based clinical training can significantly improve the level of knowledge and foster the psychomotor skills of nurses in pediatric hematology-oncology department.