红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)种质资源的鉴定与分类研究

Studies on Identification and Classification of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Germplasm

对300份野生红麻和337份栽培红麻的形态学鉴定发现,红麻的茎、叶、花、果等植物学性状的类型多样,差异明显,遗传多样性十分丰富。野生红麻和栽培红麻一样,染色体数为2n=36,同属红麻种(Hibiscus cannabinusL.);核型有2n=36=32M+2SM+2M(SAT)、2n=36=34M+2M(SAT)和2n=36=32M+2ST+2M(SAT)等;综合形态学研究结果,将野生红麻分为普通、多毛、螺旋花和扁圆果4种类型,其中普通型又可分为3个亚类,普通型与栽培红麻亲缘关系最近,并发现红麻存在亚种。栽培红麻可分为9个变种17个类型,其中4个为新发现变种,7个为新发现类型。

300 accessions of wild kenaf and 337 cultivated varieties were identified. The results showed there were distinct differences among stem, leaf, flower, fruit etc. botanic characters, and it indicated abundant genetic diversity of kenaf germplasm in China. Chromosome number of wild kenaf were also 2n = 36 and, that belonged to kenaf species （Hibiscus cannabinus L. ）. Various chromosomal karyotypes were found,such as 2n= 36 = 32M ＋ 2SM ＋ 2M（SAT） ,2n = 36 = 34M ＋ 2M（SAT） ,2n = 36 = 32M ＋ 2ST ＋ 2M（SAT）. Wild kenaf can be classified into 4 types by morphological characters differences, such as normal, hairy, helical flower and flat global fruit. The normal type was the most intimate to cultivated kenaf and can be further classified into 3 sub-types. It also indicated wild kenaf has subspecies. Cultivated kenaf can be classified into 9 varieties and 17 types, among which 4 of the varieties and 7 of the types are new discoveries.