高层建筑火灾中安全疏散的评价分析

Assessment and Analysis on Safe Evacuation from the Fire of High-rise Buildings

由于高层建筑的迅猛发展,高层建筑的火灾防范和安全疏散成为一个重要的研究课题。笔者阐述高层建筑的火灾特点,以及人员安全疏散的安全评价在消防中的重要作用;综述火灾危险分析的方法;介绍几种可以用于安全疏散的评价方法,并结合各种评价方法的优缺点进行了比较。根据实际情况,选择了模糊综合评价法对某一高层建筑作了简单的算例,从其结果中可以看出:疏散楼梯、防排烟和通风空调系统及事故疏散标志、通信设备存在一些问题,需要整改,以确保人员疏散的安全性;制定相应的应急预案,调整人员疏散策略,确保火灾中人员安全、及时、迅速撤离火灾现场,至安全区域。

With the rapid development of high-rise buildings, fire prevention and safe evacuation from highrise buildings become an impotent research topic. Tbrough expatiating fire characteristic of high-rise buildings and important significance of safe evaluation of people in fire fighting, the methodology of fire risk analysis is reviewed. Several evaluation method of safe evacuation are introduced; and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. According to practical situation, an appropriate evaluation method is chosen to evaluate a building. Results show problems existed in escape stair, sToke suppression and exhaust and ventilation and air-condition system, evacuating signals and communication equipment, all of which need to be improved so as to safeguard evacuation safety. Emergency response preparedness must be prepared. The strategy of people evacuation must be reawanged to assure people being able to evacuate safely, rapidly and in time from the fire region to a safe district.