战略的组织、技术基础与日本企业的兴衰

Organizational and Technical Foundations of Corporate Strategies and the Vicissitudes of Japanese Corporations

近年来,学术界对日本式经营的批评日益增加。“日本企业无战略”是其中非常流行的一种。这种批评正确地指出了日本大企业之间战略趋同这一现象。但是这种批评受到特定战略观的影响并忽视了日本企业战略形成和发展过程的特殊性。本文认为,日本企业的组织形态与产品的技术特征的匹配性是日本经济发展的重要原因,而这种匹配性在部分产业中的消失是日本企业衰退的微观原因。

The academic circles recently are commenting upon the Japanese type of management more and more unfavorably, with the statement that ＂Japanese businesses have no strategies＂ being one of the popular critical views. Such criticisms, while correctly pointing out the fact that the major corporations of Japan today tend to share similar strategies, are biased towards specific strategic views and have paid insufficient attention to the peculiar formation and development process of Japanese corporate strategies. Aiming to investigate the organizational and technical foundations of Japanese corporate strategies, this paper maintains that one of the important reasons for the development of Japanese economy is the matching of Japanese corporations＇ organizational form and their products＇ technical particularities and the disappearance of this matching in some of the industries should be regarded as one of the causes of Japan＇s economic recession.