介词“向”的认知考察

Cognitive Research on the Preposition XIANG

“向＋NP”既可以在动词前作状语，又可以在动词后作补语．文章运用认知语言学的相关理论，在语料库基础上在对“向＋NP”作状语和作补语参与表述事件的相关情况考察后．提出“向＋NP”参与表述的事件可以分为现实位移类和虚拟位移类。同时以现实位移类为具体考察对象，从认知角度分析了“向＋NP”作状语和作补语的区别．主要表现为：说话人的视点不同；射体和地标凸显的侧面不同；“向＋NP”在不同语法条件下NP的语义角色不同。

The prepositional phrase＂XIANG＋NP＂ can be complement in Chinese. Within the cognitive theory of linguistics, the author analyzes the ＂XIANG＋ NP＂ phrase as an adverbial modifier and as a complernent, and then discusses the differences between them. All the example sentences quoted come from the Mandarin Corpus of Peking University. According to the author, the ＂XIANG＋NP＂can be divided into two types： the factive motions and the fictive motions. Based on the factive motions, the author contrasts ＂XIANG＋NP＂ as an adverbial modifier and as a complement. The differences between them lie in： 1. The viewpoints of the speakers are different. 2. The relations between the traiectory and the landmark are different. 3. The semantic roles of NP are different.