棉花雄性不育研究和应用进展

Advanced Study and Utilization of the Male Sterility in Cotton

综述了棉花雄性不育类型、不育机理和雄性不育系杂种优势利用状况,着重讨论了棉花雄性不育的细胞学、生理生化和分子生物学研究进展。并对本领域研究和应用中存在的问题及发展前景提出了看法。

It is reviewed here that the major advances of biological research on the male sterility in cotton in the past decade. It focuses on the profile of cytology observation and the possible mechanisms of physiological biochemistry and molecular biology. Many results unanimous on cytology observation in cotton were expounded, such as stamen degeneration was a continuous process and it displays from the stage of pollen mother cell to double nucleus pollen. During the period of pollen mother cell, meiosis, single nucleus pollen and double nucleus pollen, the abortion of pollen development may happen. Furthermore, it behaves differently between different male sterile types. The comparison of physiological and biochemical characteristics between male sterile plants and male fertile plants in buds indicates that the metabolism in reproductive organs of the male sterile plants is disordered. Contents of starch, fat, soluble protein, praline and phenylalanine in the anther of male sterile plans are lower than those of male fertile plants. Since the development of pollen is undernourishment, it may result in degeneration of the pollens. The change of enzyme and hormone behave more complicated. Before the main stage of the abortion of pollen, the contents of POD and ABA in the anther of male sterility are notably high than male fertility, but the contents of IAA and GA3 are reverse. In the molecular biology research of the cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS） in higher plants, many plants have received great progress, and it is concord that the character of male sterility is related to the chloroplastic and mitochondrial genome. But the particular mechanism of male sterility still uncovered, just has several hypothesis： first, in the chloroplastic genome, the transcription of new chimeric open reading frame（ or f） cooperated with its near conserved gene may led to decrease of the single cistron transcription. Second, the new off encodes a toxic protein, which disturbs the expression of the conserved gene or breaks off pollen development. As a result, the pollen becomes sterile. In the research of the genic.male sterility（GMS）, a lot of male sterile genes or related male sterile genes have been cloned, such as Ms1, Ms2 Bcpl in Arabidopsis thaliana, the Ms45 in maize and the Nin88 in tobacco. But, because cotton has large genome and limit of basic research, this field has dropped behind. So far, there is no report about gene cloning of male sterility in cotton. But, there are many exciting fact that the theory and experimental technology on plant physiology and molecular biology develop rapidly, the sequencing the genome in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, tobacco were completed, and their bio-information and subsequent researching advances would greatly impelled the similar work in cotton