鸡骨草总黄酮含量测定及其含量动态变化研究

Determination of total flavonoids in Abrus cantoniensis and its dynamic changes

目的：探讨鸡骨草总黄酮的超声提取条件、含量测定方法以及含量动态变化。方法：采用正交试验优化鸡骨草总黄酮超声提取工艺，用比色法测定不同生长期鸡骨草不同部位的总黄酮含量。结果：乙醇用量和超声提取次数是影响鸡骨草总黄酮超声提取效果的主要因素；鸡骨草茎蔓的总黄酮含量最高，其次是根系，叶片含量最低；鸡骨草根系、茎蔓总黄酮含量有相似的累积变化规律，即随着植株生长，鸡骨草根系和茎蔓的总黄酮含量逐渐增加，到10月份达高峰值，随后缓慢降低，但10-12月份的含量差别不显著；受低温影响，到第2年2月份含量显著降低；叶片在脱落前总黄酮含量达最大值。结论：以药材20倍量的80％乙醇作为溶剂，用超声波提取3次每次持续30min即可获得最佳的鸡骨草总黄酮提取效果；在植株自然落叶前采收鸡骨草，容易获得最大的生物产量和质量。

Objective： To develop a method for ultrasonic extraction and determination of total flavonoids in Abrus cantoniensis, and to analyze its dynamic changes. Method： The optimized condition of extraction of total flavonoids was studied with orthogonal design. The contents of total flavonoids in different organs and of different growth stages were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Result： The ethanol volume and extraction times were the main factors impacting the effects of ultrasonic extraction. The content of total flavonoids in stems were higher than in roots and the lowest in leaves. The dynamic changes of total flavonoids contents in roots and stems of A. cantoniensis were in similar trends. Its total flavonoids content in the two parts of plant increased gradually with the growth and reached the maximum in October, and the content decreased significantly in Feburay of next year. The content of total flavonoids in leaves reached also to the highest value before leaves fell off. Conclusion： The optimized extraction method of total flavonoids in Abrus contoniensis was obtained with three times with 80% ethanol at 20 times of volume for 30 min. The resuhs implied that the best yield and quality may be obtained before leaves fall.