中国耕地流失的政策——经济驱动力分析

An analysis on the policy-economy driving force of cultivated land loss in China

讨论了不同时期我国的土地政策及耕地面积变化,研究了影响我国耕地过度流失的政策和经济因素,分析了耕地流失的政策—经济驱动力;认为乱占滥用耕地现象是从1979年以后改革开放经济持续高增长,确立土地使用权出让制度以后出现的,在土地使用权和土地所有权分离的情况下,耕地转变为城市建设用地可以产生巨大的经济效益,地方政府和相关部门从出让城市建设用地使用权中可以直接受益,开发商占用耕地所付出的费用低于占用同样面积已有城市建设用地的费用,使开发商不愿提高已有建设用地的使用效率,希望占用更多的耕地;针对这些耕地流失的政策—经济驱动因素,提出了从源头上防止耕地过度流失的途径与措施。

Tries to reveal the policy-economy driving forces of the fast conversion of China＇s cultivated land into other kinds of uses, by reviewing the land policies and their impacts on euhivated land changes in various periods after the founding of new China. It is found in this paper that the phenomenon of excessively occupying cultivated land occurred mainly in the post-1979 periods when the development of China＇s economy was accelerated by ＂reform and opening＂ and the land use right system was established. Because of the separation of ownership and use right of land, transferring the cultivated land into urban land can produce huge economic profits, which can be shared by the local governments and those who obtained the land use right. The local governments and relevant governmental departments can be benefited by collecting urban land use right fees that are much higher than cultivated land, and those who obtained the land will be awarded by the much cheaper prices compared to the land in cities and towns. The paper discusses the reasons why cultivated lands are always excessively wanted and wasted. The paper also puts forward some suggestions for modifying the current policies in order to protect the cultivated land.