2000～2004年杭州市萧山区麻疹疫情流行病学分析

An epidemiological analysis on the measles epidemics in the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2004

目的了解近几年杭州市萧山区麻疹流行病学特征,加速控制麻疹。方法对2000￣2004年麻疹临床和血清学诊断病例进行流行病学分析。结果萧山区麻疹疫情以散发为主,存在个别暴发点,流动人口比率呈明显上升趋势。发病高发季节为2￣6月。本地病例以<1岁婴幼儿为主,5￣9月龄病例占1岁以内病例的92.31%;流动人口以1岁以上低年龄儿童及学龄儿童为主。15岁以下(不包括不足8月龄婴幼儿)本地和流动人口病例中无免疫史者分别为39.19%、65.12%,本地病例明显低于流动人口。结论继续加强常规免疫接种工作,保持高水平的实际免疫覆盖率和免疫成功率;加强流动儿童的免疫接种管理,消除流动人口的免疫空白,是萧山区控制和消除麻疹的重点。

Objective This analysis was made to gain an insight into the epidemiological characteristics of measles in the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City in recent years in order to better control future epidemics. Methods An epidemiological analysis was made on the cases of measles diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and serological study. Results It was found that sporadic epidemics of measles were dominant with occasional outbreaks in the Xiaoshan district. There was an increasing trend in the incidence of the epidemic among the floating population. The peak season of the disease was from Feb. to Jun. with infants less than 1 year of age predominantly affected. Those aged 5 to 9 months accounted for 92.31% of the cases less than 1 year of age. Children aged over 1 year and school-age children among the floating population were predominantly affected. Of the cases under the age of 15 years （not including infants under 8 months of age ）, those who had no history of immunization among the permanent residents and floating population accounted for 39.19% and 65.12% respectively,with the percentage of cases from the floating population significantly higher than that from the permanent residents. Conclusion Emphasis is to be placed on the continuous reinforcement of routine immunization; the maintenance of the high rates of immunization coverage and success; the management of immunization for floating children; and the elimination of blank immunization among the floating population in the prevention and control of measles in Xiaoshan district.