目的地居民对旅游影响的认知态度实证研究

The Case Study of Residents' Perceptions on and Attitudes toward Tourism Impacts

旅游地居民对旅游影响的认知态度研究是旅游影响研究的主要内容之一。以浙江乌镇为例,在实地调研的基础上,利用问卷调查方法,分析了乌镇居民对旅游的社会文化影响、环境影响和经济影响的感知程度,以及居民对旅游业发展的态度,归纳总结了乌镇居民对旅游影响的一般认知态度状况,对制定合理的旅游发展政策、改善居民对旅游者的态度和提高居民对旅游业的支持、促进旅游地可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。本文的调查结果进一步证实了以往居民对旅游影响认知态度研究的研究成果。乌镇居民对旅游给当地社区带来的社会、文化和环境效益感知强烈令人鼓舞,这与Liu和Var等诸多学者通过研究发现目的地居民对旅游发展产生的各方效益感知明显是一致的。此外,乌镇居民对旅游经济影响的正面感知一致较强与现有研究成果也是相符的。所有这些证实了旅游地生命周期早期阶段居民更易倾向于正面感知。

Research into residents＇ perceptions on and attitudes toward tourism impacts is one of the most important research areas concerning the impact of tourism. Based on an interview survey undertaken in Wuzhen, Zhejiang, this paper investigates community perceptions and attitudes concerning economic, sociocuhural and environmental impact of tourism and summarizes the general attitudes of residents towards tourism impacts. The results of this study have great practical significance in developing effective policies for tourism development, improving residents＇ attitudes towards tourists and ＇reinforcing their support for tourism industry, and promoting sustainable development of tourism. Many of the results of this study reinforce previous findings on attitudes of residents towards tourism impacts. It is encouraging to see Wuzhen residents are strongly cognizant of the social, cultural and environmental benefits tourism development brings to the community. This is consistent with Liu and Var and other studies that found residents recognition of the benefits of tourism. In addition, it is also in accord with the existing research that respondents have a strong positive perception on the economical impact of tourism. All of these results further bear out the finding that residents are likely to show a positive perception on tourism impact at the early stage of life cycle of tourist destination.