一次沙尘暴过程TSP质量浓度的连续观测和分析

Successive Observation and Analysis of TSP Concentration in a Sand-Dust Storm Case

采用大流量大气采集器对2001年4月6～7日特强沙尘暴期间内蒙古阿拉善左旗、包头、呼和浩特、四子王旗、集宁、化德、二连浩特、苏尼特有旗等地大气中TSP浓度进行了连续观测并结合天气资料进行了分析。结果表明，此次沙尘暴过程中，TSP浓度的绝对值大，变化幅度也大，最小值为1．896mg·m^-3，最大值为52．153mg·m^-3，平均值为13．399mg·m^-3。各地TSP浓度变化的时序反映了沙尘暴的影响范围和移动状况的变化，TSP浓度绝对值的变化反映了沙尘暴强度的变化，从开始的较小值逐渐增至最大值，最后再回落到较低水平。内蒙古西部沙尘暴主要源于蒙古国的远距离输送，局地起沙对中部沙尘暴形成具有重要贡献。本次过程TSP浓度最大值达到空气污染程度最为严重的城市冬季TSP浓度极值的10～50倍，表明沙尘天气导致的空气污染远大于一切人为排放源造成的污染。

With TH-1000 air collection instrument we successively observed the TSP mass concentration of Alashazuoqi, Baotou, Hohhot, Siziwangqi, Jining, Huade, Erenhot and Sonidyouqi in Inner Mongolia during a sand-dust storm on April 6th to 7th of 2001. In combining with the routine weather observation data a comprehensive analysis was conducted. The results showed that the temporal and spatial distribution of TSP was apparently various in the process of sand-dust storm. The minimum TSP was 1. 896 mg· m^-3, the maximum was 52. 153 mg· m^-3 and the average was 13.399 mg· m^-3. The sandstorms in west Inner Mongolia are transported from long distance dust resource in remote Mongolia, while sandstorms in central Inner Mongolia depend on local dust rising. The most significant sand-dust source in this case was the desertified grassland in central Inner Mongolia, partly derived from the degeneration of grassland in west-central Inner Mongolia. Comparing with the maximal TSP mass concentration coming from the anthropogenic source which occurred at the city （Hohhot） in winter, the TSP mass concentration in this case was 10-52 times of that, so the pollution from the sand-dust storm is much more badly.