哺乳动物可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶的表达及其调控

Expression and Regulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclases in Mammalian

鸟苷酸环化酶(guanylatecyclase,GCs)是把GTP转化为cGMP的蛋白酶。第二信使cGMP作用于信号级联反应下游元件:蛋白激酶G(proteinkinaseG,PKG)、cGMP依赖性磷酸二酯酶(cGMPphos-phodiesterase,cGMP-PDEs)及cGMP门控离子通道(cyclicnucleotide-gatedionchannels,CNGs),参与血管舒缩、神经信号传递、抑制血小板凝集及细胞增殖与调亡等调节。GCs有两种存在形式:可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(solubleguanylatecyclase,sGC)和非可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(particleguanylatecyclase,pGC)。pGC同功酶是尿钠肽的受体,sGC是NO的受体。除了配体与亚细胞分布不同以外,两种GCs存在形式也不同。进一步理解sGC亚单元的结构及其在转录及翻译后水平上的调控,有助于深入认识GCs在cGMP信号通路及生理功能中的作用。

Guanylyl cyclases （ GCs ） are （GTP） to cyclic guanosine-3＇, 5＇-monophosphate enzymes that convert guanosine-5＇-triphosphate （cGMP）. The second messenger cGMP acts on down-regulated components of signal cascade reactions, which includes protein kinase G （PKG）, cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases （cGMP-PDEs） and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels （CNGs）, participates in vessel laxity and shrinkage, nerve signal transduction and inhibites platelet agglutination, cellular proliferation/apoptosis and other regulations. Guanylyl cyclases （GC） occur in forms of soluble guanylate cyclase （sGC） and particle gnanylate cyclase （ pGC ）. pGC isoforms serve as receptors for natriuretic peptides, while sGC is the receptor for nitric oxide （NO）. In addition to the difference in ligands and subcellular organization, the two forms of GC also exist in different forms. Herein, the literature on sGC subunit structure and the regulation of the transcriptional and post-translational level can make us further understand the role of signaling and other physiological functions.