“探求真理”与“服务社会”——试析费孝通先生社会学方法论转变

"Seeking the Truth"and "Serving the Society"——An Analysis of Mr.Fei Xiao-Tong's Change of Sociological Methodology

在费孝通先生的学术生涯中,他的社会学研究方法论发生了非常大的转变,至少可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段,他主张不带任何理论下乡,使客观事实自然呈现;第二阶段,他主要用功能主义的理论框架和人类学参与观察法研究中国社会,用中国的事实检验和修正功能主义;第三个阶段,将中国社会的“理想类型”与中国实践相结合,从实践中归纳与总结理论,并使理论服务于实践。

Mr. Fei Xiao-tong＇s academic career witnesses his great change of sociological methodology, from the first phase of showing objective facts without any guidance of theories through the second phase of using, by reference to anthropology, the theory of function, to the third phase of the combination of the ＂ideal structure of the society＂ with Chinese practice so as to give a summary of theory and put it into practice. The cause of the change can be made an approach to from the three respects of academy, self-reflection and strong practical spirit.