论唐代婚外性行为及其社会控制

On the Extramarital Sex Acts and their Social Control in Tang Dynasty

唐代婚外性行为的发生主要有五个原因,即道德匮乏、婚姻不幸、长期分居、拥有特权和制度许可。根据行为对象的不同,唐代婚外性行为可分为六类,即亲属之间、主仆之间、上级与部属之间、与妓女之间、僧俗及僧人之间、一般人之间。婚外性行为严重违反了长期以来所形成的婚姻传统,败坏了社会风气,加剧了统治集团的腐败,尤其是容易引起各种纠纷,有些凶杀案件就由此而起。正因为如此,唐朝从三个方面对其进行了控制,即大力提倡贞操,反对偷情私通,改革婚姻习俗,减少旷男怨女,惩罚婚外性行为当事人及有关人员。

In Tang Dynasty, there are five causes including absence of morality, unhappy marriage, long-term separation, having privilege and systematic permission which are apt to result in the extramarital sex acts. The extramarital sex acts can be divided into six kinds, namely the extramarital act between the relatives, the extramarital act between the master and his servant, the extramarital act between the superior and his subordinate,the extramarital act with the prostitute, the extramarital act between the monk and the ordinary people and the extramarital act between the ordinary people. The extramarital sex acts sometimes resulted in some bad consequences including violating the marital tradition, ruining the social values, making the governing group more corrupt and leading to murder, so Tang Dynasty took some measures to control the extramarital acts.