浅谈对外汉语教学中的语义分析法——从“动+补+宾”结构的表现形式和语义关系看语义教学

On Semantic Analysis in Conventional Chinese Syntactic Teaching——From the "Verb + Complement + Object" Form and Semantic Relation

对外汉语语法教学往往偏重于其表层结构,这种教学方式具有一定的局限性,主要在于留学生无法正确理解其深层含义,而是机械地模仿和套用,因而出现这样或那样的错误。事实上,语法结构和语义结构一个是表层一个是深层,两者是形式和内容的关系,要想掌握正确的表达方式,就必须了解其深层的含义。本文以对外汉语教学中“动+补+宾”这一复杂的结构为例,阐述了在教学中引入语义分析法的必要性和方式。

Conventional Chinese syntactic teaching as a foreign language usually focuses on surface structures. This teaching approach is limited because foreign students can＇t understand correctly the implicit underlying meanings resulting in their imitating and applying the language mechanically. As a matter of fact, syntactic structure and semantic structure are surface and underlying structures respectively. The relationship between them is format and content. To hold a good command of expression, it is important to understand the underlying meanings. This paper addresses the importance and the techniques of semantic analysis introduced to Chinese teaching with a comprehensive example of the ＂Verb ＋ Complement ＋ Object＂ form.