契约自由、“契约自由权”与契约权利——一个私权逻辑理论视角的分析

Freedom of Contract,"Right for Freedom of Contract "and Contractual Right:An Analysis from the Perspective of the Logic of Private Rights

按照分析法学的私权逻辑理论,契约自由并非权利,而是派生权利的契约关系的元形式,是民事主体之间“无权利—无义务”的关系状态,其实质就是没有法律限制。将契约自由混同于“契约自由权”对于契约权利本身的设定并无实际意义,反会成为立法者或裁判者滥用其意志侵害意思自治的借口。作为契约权利的元形式,契约自由决定了契约权利的本质必然为约定性权利,但也决定着契约权利只能具有相对性。

According to the analytic jurisprudence＇ s theory of the logic of private rights, the freedom of contract is not a right, but a meta-form of the contract relationship where rights derive from, and is a state of ＂no rights-no obligations＂ between the relationship of civil subjects. Its essence is no legal constraints. Confusing the freedom of contract with ＂the right of freedom of contract＂ is meaningless to the establishment of contractual right, but it can adversely be an excuse for legislators or judges to abuse their power to infringe upon the autonomy of will. As the meta-form of contractual right, freedom of contract determines that the essence of contractual right must be consensual, but it also determines that contractual right can only be of relativity.