权利发展与制度变革

The Development of Rights and Institutional Reform

传统的权利理论不足以对权利发展进行可靠的证明,而将权利解释为社会可供资源与人的内在需求的契合,不仅能说明权利的产生,也可以阐释权利的发展。在这个意义上,对于权利产生与发展的解读就须以制度作为必要条件。在现实中,WTO在公共健康领域的措施可以作为健康权与知识产权相协调的例证;欧盟的区域政策可以作为发展权利在新兴工业和传统工业及农业之间协调的例证;紧急状态下的人权克减则是社会公益与个人自由协调的例证。由此可以看出,通过制度来维护和实现权利,是权利运行与发展的唯一途径。

It is impossible for traditional theories of rights to prove the development of rights. The theory that rights expounded as the connection of existing social resources and the inner requirements of people can not only explain the origin of rights, but also explain the development of rights. In this sense, rights must be understood in the context of institutions. It can be seen from the examples of IPRs and public health, EU regional policy, and derogation of rights that the only method to realize rights is within the institution.