试论中苏同盟建立前后美国对华政策的演变(1949—1950年)

Initial Exploration of the Evolvement of the American Policies Towards China Before and After the Establishment of the Sino-Soviet Alliance(1949-1950)

文章着重研究分析冷战背景下中苏同盟建立过程中美国的反应及其应对,以及由此而导致的美国对华政策的演变。直到《中苏友好同盟互助条约》缔结,美国一直致力于阻止中苏过于接近以防止新中国成为苏联扩张的工具,但是美国军方与援华集团则对中国共产党充满仇视和偏见。随着中苏同盟的建立和1950年上半年中苏同盟关系的顺利发展,美国决策层内再次掀起了对中美关系的争论,争论的最终结果是争论双方达成一致并形成在中国大陆周边构建战略防御圈的对策。文章认为《中苏友好同盟互助条约》实际上在中关关系史和冷战史上扮演着非常重要的角色,美国在新中国成立之初对华政策的演变与之紧密相关,美国国内决策层对华政策的争论也与之有关,因此很值得进行更为深入的研究。

This paper studies the American response and reaction to the establishment of Sino - Soviet Alliance as well as the evolvement of its China policy against the background of the Cold War. The American high - ranking officials and experts in the US Department of State had been trying to hold back the close contact between Soviet Union and China for fear that New China might become a tool of the Communist Soviet Union＇ s expansion till the conclusion of the Sino - Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance. But JCF and the China Bloc were hostile to Communist China and regarded China as an enemy, as they were prejudiced against Communism. However, with the establishment of the Sino - Soviet Alliance and the smooth development of Sino - Soviet allied relations in the early half of 1950, arguments and debates over the Sino - Soviet relations were raised again in the US decision - making circle. As a result, the American government decided to construct a containment line along the peripheries of China's Mainland. The paper argues that actually the Sino - Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance played a very important role in the history of the Sino - American relations and in the process of the Cold War. This treaty is worth studying in a more profound manner, because the evolvement of the American policies towards China formulated at the beginning of New China was ,closely relevant to it, and because arguments and debates over US policies towards China held in the US decision - making circle were also related to it.