新农村建设的政治经济学思考

Reflections on Construction of the New Countryside in the Light of Political Economics

本文围绕社会主义新农村建设,从政治经济学角度提出了四个基本观点:农民是社会主义新农村建设的主体,政府政策作为农村建设的外部条件,需要通过农民这个内因起作用;新农村建设走社会主义道路必须以合作经济为基础,小农经济和集体经济都承担不了这一重任;新农村建设的主要任务不仅要发展农业,以工业反哺农业,而且要发展工业,并且以工业改造农业;社会主义新农村建设的起点是乡村文明,终点应是城镇文明,即使是人文乡村图景亦难掩盖亿万农民对城市文明的现代诉求。

The paper discusses the construction of a new countryside by referring to political economics. Four points are made. First, the peasants are the principal part of constructing the socialist new countryside, for it is the peasants who are to implement the policies made by the government which function as the external conditions. Secondly, to build the socialist new countryside we must stick to cooperative economy as the basis. Neither the smallholder economy nor the collective economy can fulfill this responsibility. Thirdly, the major task of constructing the new countryside is not development of agriculture, nor is it supplementing agriculture with industry. Instead, the major task is to develop industry in the rural area so that we may resort to industry for agricultural progress. Fourth, the point of departure for constructing the socialist new countryside is civilization of the countryside, with the ultimate goal being civilization of the towns. It is important to be aware that even a humanistic prospect of the countryside cannot fully meet the desire of millions of peasants for the civilization of the modern city.