正式制度与非正式制度的关系探析

On the Relation between Formal and Informal Systems

本文认为,正式制度和非正式制度作为制度的两个不可分割的部分,非正式制度具有自发性、非强制性、广泛性和持续性,而正式制度则又不同。正式制度安排与非正式制度安排之间有着一种互动的和谐关系,一方面,非正式制度的安排会促使正式制度安排的出现,同样,正式制度也为非正式制度的稳定和改进提供条件;另一方面,正式制度必须与非正式制度保持目标的一致性,才能保持其稳定性。

The author holds that the formal system and the informal system represent the two inseparable component parts of the system. Unlike the formal system, the informal system is spontaneous, not compelled, extensive and persistent. The relation between the formal and infor- mal systems is an interactive and harmonious one. On the one hand, the informal system may provide impetus for the formal one, while the formal one performs a supportive function for the informal one to stay alive and to be improved. On the other hand, the formal system must aim at the same objective with the informal one so as to remain steady and consistent.