别把修辞问题当作训诂问题来理解——说“滕子京谪守巴陵郡”

Misunderstanding of Rhetoric Problems as Interpretation of Ancient Words—A Comment on "Teng Zijing was Banished to Baling County"

《岳阳楼记》“庆历四年春,滕子京谪守巴陵郡”,很多注家把句中“巴陵郡”注释为“岳州”或“岳州郡”,将修辞问题当作训诂问题来理解。宋代只有岳州,没有巴陵郡。《宋史.地理志》记“岳州,巴陵郡”,州下所附的郡名,与地理无涉。钱大昕《十驾斋养新录》卷九《元史不谙地理》条:“《宋志》每州之下又有郡名,此沿《九域志》之文,不过为王公等封爵之用,大约袭唐之旧。”《宋志》州下郡名,与其说是地理问题,勿宁说是官制问题。地名与官名之间有着严格的对应关,《新唐书.地理志》:“唐兴,高祖改郡为州,太守为刺史。”玄宗时又曾“改州为郡、刺史为太守”。以古地名称代今地名,是古文中常见的一种修辞格。“守”,用古官名称今官,接下来就必须用郡名与之搭配。行文既合文法,又合史法。

＂Yuezhou＂ or there was only The place name ＂Yuezhou County ＂Yuezhou＂, no ＂ of ＂Baling County＂ in the ancient text Yueyang Louji is annotated by many scholars as ＂, mistaking rhetoric problems as interpretation of ancient fiords. In the Song Dynasty, Baling County＂. In Song History- Geography, both ＂Yuezhou＂ and ＂Baling County＂ were the name of the counties and had no relation with geography. It is a commonly used rhetoric means to use the name of ancient place to replace the name of present place. The ＂Shou＂ in Chinese is the name of an ancient official and should be used as the head of the ＂County＂ in the understanding of the ancient text.