红壤旱地多熟种植系统的综合效益评价

Evaluation on comprehensive benefits of multiple cropping systems on upland red soil

采用加权灰色关联聚类分析的方法，按生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的各项指标，对1984～2004年在江西农业大学农学试验站红壤旱地上进行的多元多熟种植系统定位对比试验中筛选出的23种多熟种植系统的综合效益进行了定量分析和聚类评价。结果表明：“白菜／马铃薯／玉米-芝麻”关联度值最大，灰色聚类为优；生态、经济、社会效益最高，明显优于其他种植系统。适合于大面积推广，是红壤旱地增产、增收、增效和维持农业可持续发展的优化模式；“油菜｜｜紫云英／玉米／玉米｜｜绿豆”次之。适合在劳动力相对充足的城郊红壤旱作区推广，以上两种种植模式对今后红壤旱作区种植业结构布局的调整和种植模式的优化具有积极意义。

The development of multi-component and multiple cropping systems is reviewed, and their comprehensive benefits are critically evaluated. The theories underpinning use of multiple cropping systems have matured, and the approach is widely accepted and practiced because of its potential role in sustainable agriculture. However, research evaluating its comprehensive benefits and optimization of system models are still at an early stage. It is difficult to evaluate the comprehensive benefits because of the complexity and diversity of the ecosystem. Therefore an evaluation indicator system for multi-component and multiple cropping systems was set up according to the principles and methods of ecology and system engineering, and grey relation clustering analysis used to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of multi-component and multiple cropping systems. Finally screening allowed identification of the optimized model, based on orientating experiences with upland red soil at Jiangxi Agricultural University from 1984 to 2004. The results showed that the grey relation degree of ＂cabbage/potato/maize-sesame＂ was highest among 23 multi-component and multiple cropping systems, and corresponded to the optimized system. It provides optimal social, economic and ecological benefits, based upon improved yields and farmers＇ income while achieving sustainable development of agricultural production. Therefore its use in future could be beneficially extended on upland red soil over a large scale. The grey relation degree of ＂canola II chinese milk vetch/maize/maize II mung bean＂ was next best, and is suitable for more extensive use on upland red soil at the outskirts of the city. These two planting patterns should be actively pursued in the adjustment of planting structure and optimization of planting patterns on upland red soil in the future.