我国近海和邻近海的海洋环境对最近全球气候变化的响应

The Response of Marine Environment in the Offshore Area of China and Its Adjacent Ocean to Recent Global Climate Change

鉴于全球气候变暖对海洋环境和海洋生态及对经济和社会可持续发展影响的严重性,作者首先利用ERA-40再分析的风场资料以及HadISST和SODA等海洋高分辨率再分析资料,分析了近50年来全球气候变化对中国近海(包括渤海、黄海、东海和南海)和邻近海(主要是热带和副热带西太平洋)海面附近的风力、海表纬向和经向风应力和海表温度的影响。分析结果表明:由于受全球气候变暖的影响,1976年之后中国近海和邻近海上空的冬、夏季风变弱,从而引起中国近海冬、夏季海表风应力减弱(尤其是经向风应力),而海表水温明显上升;并且,冬、夏季海表风应力的减弱和海水温度的上升在中国东海反映尤其明显,这些为中国近海赤潮的频繁发生提供了有利的海洋环境。此外,从中国近海上空环流散度分布的变化可见,中国近海上空从1976年之后大气环流辐散增强,这不利于中国近海上升流的形成,从而会对沿岸水域营养盐的输送产生影响。

Due to the severity of impact of global climate warming on marine environment and ecosystem and sustainable development of economy and society, the impacts of global climate change for the last 50 years on winter and summer wind fields near sea surface, sea surface zonal and meridional wind stresses and sea surface temperature （SST） in the offshore area of China, including the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and its adjacent ocean, mainly including the tropical and subtropical western Pacific, are analyzed by using the wind data from ERA-40 reanalysis data, the high-resolution reanalysis data of ocean climate such as HadISST and Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） and so on. The analyzed results show that due to the impact of global climate warming, the winter and summer monsoon flows become weak over the offshore area of China and its adjacent Ocean after 1976, which causes the weakening of winter and summer sea surface wind stresses, especially the meridional sea surface wind stresses, and the obvious increase of SST in the area. Moreover, the results also show that the weakening of winter and summer sea surface wind stresses and the increase of SST are particularly significant in the East China Sea. Those can provide a favorable marine environment for the frequent occurrence of red tide in the offshore area of China. Besides, from the variation of the distributions of circulation divergences over the offshore area of China, it can be clearly seen that after 1976, the circulation divergences over this area intensifled, which are not helpful to the formation of upwelling flow in the offshore area of China. It will have an influence on the nutrients transportation in the coastal water. In order to promote the research on the response and adaptation of marine environment and ecosystem in the offshore area of China to global climate change, some scientific problems on this aspect, which urgently need to be studied, are also proposed in this paper.