广州市10654例创伤急救患者的流行病学分析

Analysis of epidemiologic characteristics of trauma in 10 654 patients in Guangzhou

目的分析广州市院前急救中创伤流行病学特点,为创伤急救提供客观依据。方法分析2000年1月至2005年1月由本院院前急救及急诊科急救的10 654例创伤患者的流行病学资料。结果男性70．96%,青壮年(21～50岁)79．23%。城市边缘地带62．86%,中心城区占37．14%。交通伤39．18%,治安事件伤32．67%,工业外伤12．91%。院内ISS评分≥16分37．98%,其中交通伤37．74%,治安事件伤24．39%,工业外伤21．71%。损伤部位：肢体伤67．51%,头颈伤58．64%,多发伤41．77%,胸腹部伤39．41%。现场死亡361例,其中交通伤46．81%,治安事件伤28．81%,工业外伤14．40%；致死性损伤部位：多发伤42．66%,头颈伤34．07%,胸腹部伤15．79%。结论城市边缘地带逐渐成为大城市创伤高发区域,患者以青壮年男性为主且有年轻化趋势,主要致伤、致死因素为交通伤、治安事件伤、工业外伤。一些针对性的专职化急救措施和模式可能提高创伤急救水平。

Objective To study the epidemiologic characteristics of trauma in the prehospital first - aid in megapolis. Methods The epidemiologic data of 10 654 traumatic patients, including treated by prehospital treatment and emergency treatment from January 2000 to January 2005, were analyzed. Results The proportion of male was 70.96%, adult patients （21 - 50 years old） 79.23% , suburb 62.86% , downtown 37.14% . The patients whose ISS scores surpassed 16 accounted for 37.98%, which caused by traffic accident was 37.74%, by public order 24.39%, by industrial trauma 21.71 % . The trauma in the limbs accounted for 67.51% , cephalic and cervical wounds accounted for 58.64% , multiple wounds 41.77%, thoracic and abdominal wounds 39.41%. Three hundred and sixty one were killed on the spot, which caused by traffic accident were 46.81%, by public order 28.81%, by industrial trauma 14.40%. Forty - two percent point six six patients died of multiple trauma, 34.07% died of cephalic and cervical trauma, 15.79% died of thoracic and abdominal wounds. Conclusion Suburban area gradually became the frequently - occurred areas of trauma in megapolis. The wounded were mainly young adults and had a tendency of juvenility. The majority of damaging and lethal factors were traffic accident, public order and industrial trauma. Some pertinet measures and professional first - aid models may improve the traumatic first- aid level.