不锈钢磨屑的微观结构及分离工艺的研究

Study on Microstructure and Separate Process of Stainless-steel Swarf

为了从不锈钢磨屑中分离不锈钢金属,在磁选分离的基础上,分别采用水和碱的饱和溶液对磨屑进行了浸洗,分析了磨屑的微观结构,探索了不锈钢磨屑的电炉熔炼工艺。结果表明,磨屑中除含有主相Ni-Cr-Fe和Fe-Ni固溶体之外,还含有一定量SiC、Al2O3等物相。在磨屑中不锈钢金属呈细长的丝带状,部分金属丝与块状的砂轮磨粒缠绕在一起,造成磁选分离效果不佳。采用碱的饱和水溶液浸洗可有效地去除磨屑中的油污和灰尘。在电炉熔炼条件下,由于砂轮磨粒含量高,烧结态磨粒阻止了液化金属的聚集长大,导致电炉熔炼分离效果不理想,甚至难以正常进行。

In order to separate stainless-steel metal from stainless-steel swarf, the separated swarf was cleaned by water and saturated alkaline solution respectively after magnetic separation process, and its structure was investigated by SEM and XRD techniques. Moreover, the electric smelting process was also studied. The results show that besides the main phases of Ni-Cr-Fe and the Fe-Ni solid solute, there are some SiC and AI203 phase in stainless-steel swarf. The shape of stainless-steel metal in the swarf is characterized by the morphology of fine strips, which was partly entwined with the granule of grinding wheel, thus lead to the poor separation effect of the magnetic selection. The cutting oil and dusts in the swarf can be effectively removed by saturated alkaline solution. Under electric smelting condition, due to the high content of the granule of grinding wheel, the sintering-state swarf prevents aggregation and growth of fluidified metal. Therefore the separation effect of electric smelting is not good, and sometimes it is difficult to carry on the process.