中国农田污染评价与防治道路探究

Estimation of Cropland Pollution in China and Advisable Approaches for Its Prevention and Cure

中国农田污染防控是农业可持续发展、农产品安全和国家生态环境安全的重大需求。中国农田污染的特征为:农田污染物种类增多、污染呈现扩张化、复杂化与不断加剧的趋势,同时,治理的难度不断加大。目前中国农田污染的基本格局是:局部改善,整体恶化,虽然仍是可防治的,但扭转总体态势和治理的难度将进一步加大;区域间、产业间和作物间的差异很大,不能以点盖面;化肥、农药等是一把双刃剑,应客观评价,高效使用。在对七种典型防治思路分析的基础上,本研究针对中国农田污染防控的薄弱环节,提出了走农田污染综合立体防控的道路,实现中国国情背景下农田污染防治和农业可持续发展的双赢的战略构思。

It is an important requirement to prevent and remedy the cropland pollution for the sustainable development of agriculture, the safety of agro-products, and the security of ecological environment in China. The CPC shows the tendency of increase of pollutants, expansion and complication of deterioration, so as to augment the difficulty of its prevention and cure. The CPC shows both the totally deterioration and partially improvement, and it is more and more difficult to change and prevent the worsening overall situation of CPC, though it may be controlled. The pollution is quite different from region to region, from cropland to cropland and from sector to sector, so that we should not apply the conclusion from a case to the whole region or all Chinese farmland. Fertilizer and pesticides have both the positive and negative effects on farmlands and crop production, they should be estimated impersonally and utilized efficiently. Under the basis of analysis on seven typical thoughts of prevention and cure and aiming at the weakness in the prevention and cure of CPC, a strategical thought is put forward, in which the way of prevention and control with tri-dimension style, and the objective both with a good control of CPC and the benefit increase from farmlands at the same time, is proposed in the study.