论沈曾植诗中的佛学因素

On the Buddhist Factor in Shen Zengzhi's Poetry

佛教在西汉哀帝时传入中国,直至清代,佛教文化都对中国文学产生了深远的影响。佛教文化对诗歌的影响大致开始于东晋,唐宋以后随着儒、释、道的相互影响逐步融合,产生了王维、苏轼等这样著名的对佛学深有涉猎的大诗人。清末“同光体”浙派的代表人物沈曾植,也是一位对佛学有深入研究的诗人,同时他又是一个学术成就突出的著名学者,这样的双重身份使得沈诗表现出很多的学问气,其中佛典的使用就是一个很值得研究的问题,现从沈曾植诗中的佛语佛理入手,探讨佛学对他的诗歌及诗学的影响:以佛语佛理入诗是其生涩奥衍诗风形成的重要原因之一,显示出其诗的奇崛美,同时能结合自身境遇和社会环境表现主题,并且以禅语佛语论诗。

Buddhism was introduced into China in the period of Ai Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and the Buddhist Culture had engendered far-reaching influence on the Chinese Literature. It may influence the poetry since Eastern Jin Dynasty. After that, the Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism influenced each other and syncretized gradually, so some great poets such as Wang Wei and Su Shi, who had deep study of Buddhism, appeared in the Tang and Song Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, Shen Zengzhi who is an important poet of Zhejiang sect of “Tong-Guang” type, was also well -learned about Buddhism. He is a famous scholar in academic study, and such dual status made his poetry more scholastic. The Buddhist allusion in his poetry is an important subject which we should study carefully. So this paper mainly discusses the Buddhist influence on Shen Zengzhig poetry and the poetics of the Buddhist allusion in his poetry.