郁金香花芽分化的观察与研究

Observation and research on flower bud differentiation of tulip in Lanzhou

对兰州市种植的郁金香的花芽分化过程进行了观察与研究，结果表明：郁金香的花芽分化始于7月初，8月中旬结束，历时1个半月．分化顺序由外向内，分化期为：未分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期．分化进程与温度、种球直径关系密切．温度在15～20℃时花芽分化最快，1个月即可完成整个分化过程；且分化的花芽健全、肥大具光泽；温度在6℃左右时，花芽分化进程推迟1个分化期；温度在27℃以上时，虽能分化花芽，但影响了花的质量，20％花器官发育不健全．直径在2．5cm以下的鳞茎球有94％未能形成花芽．

The differentiation of tulip flower bud started in the beginning of July and finished at the middle of August in Lanzhou area,taking one and a half months. The whole process of differentiation was divided into four phases of the undifferentiation,flower petal differentiation, stamen differentiation and pistal differentiation. The differentiation process was closely related to the temperature condition and the size of bulb diameter. The differentiation was fastest at 15～20 ℃, taking only one month,and flower buds were perfect,plump and had a fine lustre. The differentiation process had postponed for one phase at 6℃. The flower buds could normally differentiate at above 27 ℃, but flower quality was poor and flower organs couldn＇t develope perfectly. If the bulb diameter was below 2.5 cm, 94% of them couldn＇t form flower bud.