中国的吸烟者和不吸烟者抗氧化营养素摄入状况研究

Study on food and antioxidant intake in smokers and non-smokers in China

目的分析中国人群非吸烟者、轻度吸烟者和重度吸烟者的食物及抗氧化营养素的摄入状况。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康调查的数据,选取15岁以上填写完整的吸烟情况并进行膳食调查的人群作为研究对象,共51 115人(男性24 077人,女性27 038人)。结果按照地区、年龄调整后,吸烟者浅色蔬菜、酒精的平均摄入量高于不吸烟者,而深色蔬菜、水果的摄入量低于不吸烟者。男性吸烟者的能量及宏量营养素的平均摄入量均高于不吸烟者和轻度吸烟者,但是女性吸烟者有相反的趋势。按照地区、年龄、体重指数、能量摄入量的调整后,轻度吸烟者(LS)抗氧化维生素的摄入量显著低于不吸烟者(NS),胡萝卜素(男性LS=1824．7μg、NS=1964．8μg,女性LS= 1565．4μg、NS=2127．4μg)、硫胺素(男性LS=0．84 mg、NS=0．85 mg,女性LS=0．72 mg、NS= 0．74 mg)、维生素E(α)(男性LS=9．2 mg、NS=9．3 mg,女性LS=7．4 mg、NS=13．1 mg)、抗坏血酸(男性LS=91.2 mg、NS=94．2 mg,女性LS=76．9 mg、NS=87．5 mg)。结论吸烟者膳食中抗氧化维生素的摄入量明显低于不吸烟者,吸烟者较低的抗氧化营养素的摄入是其慢性病发生和死亡率高的一个因素。

Objective To examine the differences in food and antioxidant vitamin intake in current non-smokers,light smokers,and heavy smokers. Methods 51 115 people （24 077 male,27 038 female） aged above 15 years who had completed providing information on smoking habit and dietary intake, were selected from 2002 national health and nutrition survey. Results After adjustment for geographic areas and age ,data showed the smokers ate more light vegetable and alcohol, less dark vegetable and fruit than nonsmokers. Male smokers consumed more energetic stuff and macronutrients than non smokers, but female smokers had opposite trends. Light smokers（LS） consumed less antioxidant than non-smokers（NS） after adjusted for area,age, BMI and energy, with carotene （Male LS= 1824.7 μg, NS 1964.8 μg; Female LS 1565.4 μg,NS-2127.4 μg）,thiamin （Male LS=0.84 mg,NS-0.85 mg; Female LS-0.72 mg, NS-0.74 mg）,vitamin E（a）（ Male LS 9.2 mg,NS-9.3 mg; Female LS 7.4 mg,NS 8.1 mg）, vitamin C （Male LS- 91.2 mg, NS- 94.2 mg; Female LS- 76.9 mg, NS- 87.5 mg）. Conclusion Smokers had a significantly lower overall mean dietary antioxidant vitamin intake than non-smokers. Increasing the daily consumption of variety of fruits and vegetables had been recommended to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.