从悲剧心理学的角度看《水浒传》的悲剧意识

Viewing the Tragic Consciousness in the "Shuihu Zhuan" from the Angle of Tragic Psychology

《水浒传》的悲剧是世俗的悲剧,为了更好地阐明弥漫全书的悲剧意识,可以从悲剧心理的角度加以论述,说明作者实际上并不看重传统为世人所选的道德之路,而更看重的是英雄本身。在世俗的争夺中,由眼前的水浒英雄之不平,联想到历来人世间的不平,把对个体英雄之死的悲愤提升到历史深层文化的层面,这由衷一叹不仅体现出苦求千秋功业的无奈,而且说明忠义理想在现实血腥面前的破灭以及作者对梁山一梦的失落。

The tragedy of ＂Shuihu Zhuan＂ （Outlaw of the Marshes） is that of a worldly one. To better illustrate the tragic consciousness widespread in the whole book, we may discuss it from the angle of the tragic psychology, to explain that instead of the morality the tradition stipulated for the people, the author thinks a lot of the outlaw heroes. During the worldly disputes, readers will associate the unfair treatment received by the outlaw heroes with the unfairness in the world all through the ages, raising the grief and indignation from the death of an individual hero to a historical cultural level. Such a heartfelt sigh embodies not only the helplessness in the endeavor for historical achievements, but also the loses in the face of bloody reality by the writer in his seeking of loyalism in the dream of Liangshan.