清代名伶三曲述略及士优男风文化解读——以《王郎曲》、《徐郎曲》及《李郎歌》为考察对象

Interpreting the Three Lyric Poems to Actors and the Gay Culture in Qing Dynasty: A Case ofOde toW ang, Ode to Xu, and Ode to Li

清代咏伶文学的兴盛反映了当时士夫文人狎优风尚的普及,名伶三曲作为其代表,更折射出江南士大夫由狎优而起的男风之好。流行于清朝士宦中的男风,揉进了特定时代的政治因素、审美心理及民族情感;相较于明朝,少了一份粗俗和肉欲,多了几分雅致和深情,从而形成了独具一格的清代士优男风文化。

The prosperity of the literature that eulogized actors during the Qing dynasty （1644-1911） in dicates the prevailing gay behaviors among officials and scholars at that time. The three famous lyric poems, i.e. , Ode to Wang, Ode to Xu and Ode to Li, represent the literary style as well as the gay tendencies among South-China officials as a result of the indulgence to actors. This homosexual fashion among government officials is interwoven with the political factors, aesthetic psychology and ethnic emotions specific to the Qing dynasty. Compared with its counterpart in the Ming dynasty, Qing＇s fashion is characterized by less vulgarity and sexual desire but more elegance and tender affections, as a result of which a unique gay culture took shape.