能量公设与化学势的广义化形式

The energy postulate and the general form of the chemical potential

以能量公设为基础,分别从热力学及非平衡热力学的层面推广了化学势的定义,并对两个实例展开讨论分析.结果表明:把化学势推广,不仅扩展了经典热力学化学势的定义形式及应用范围,而且表明了外场对化学势的贡献及影响内涵.在应用广义化学势解决实际问题时,既得到了正确结果,又使问题的讨论简单明了、容易把握和理解.

According to the energy postulate, the general form of the chemical potential is educed separately from thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and two examples are expatiated by the general form of the chemical potential. The results show that the general chemical potential not only expands the chemical potential definition of the classical thermodynamics and field of application, but also indicates the connotation of external physical fields＇ contribution to the chemical potential and effect on the chemical potential. When actual problems are analyzed by applying the general chemical potential, the right conclusion is resulted in by the general chemical potential, and the discussions on problems are simple and easily understood.