城市水生态足迹研究——以北京市为例

Urban water ecological footprint analysis——a case study in Beijing, China

以“水”为要素评价城市资源利用的可持续性,并以水资源短缺的北京市为案例城市进行剖析.探讨了城市水生态足迹的内涵和4种典型城市水生态足迹的发展轨迹,提出了基于城市生态需水量的水生态足迹的核算方法.对案例城市北京的研究结果表明(1)北京城市河湖多年平均生态需水量为10.45×108m3,地下水多年平均生态需水量为26.34×108m3;(2)北京市多年平均的水生态足迹为1.42.以上结果表明北京的水资源利用是不可持续的.

Water is a critical component of ecological cycles in urban system. Confiiction between human water use and ecological water use should be concerned to everyone in the city. Wackemagel and Rees have developed a convenient tool to estimate the scale of the impact of a city or a country having on the ecosphere. Water ecological footprint＇s approach extensively examines the relationship between human water consumption and ecological flow requirements for groundwater and underground water in the city and hydrological carrying capacity which is defined as the annual rechargeable water resources of the city. We explored the connotation of urban water ecological footprint （WEF） and four types of development trajectory for WEF. Our primary purpose is to describe a novel approach to estimate urban sustainability in terms of water resource use, and practice it with a case study in Beijing, China. The case study results show that （1）The ecological flow requirements is 10.45 × 10^8 m^3 for river/lake and 26.34 × 10^8 m^3 for groundwater; （2） The WEF of Beijing is 1.42. This analysis proves the current hydrological metabolism and water resources management in Beijing are not sustainable.