学龄前儿童的条栅视力观察

The grating acuity of children in preschool age

目的了解婴幼儿条栅视力的发育情况。方法采用电脑控制的闭路式强化优先注视(COPL)系统,以普查的形式进行条栅视力检查,分析本系统与方法的可靠性、成功率及599例2～72个月的正常婴幼儿及学龄前儿童的视力发育趋势。结果所有年龄组2次检测结果均表现出良好的可重复性;此检查方法成功率较高,可达90%以上,体现了 COPL 系统的强化优先注视的优势。检查中2～12个月和42～72个月的幼儿配合较好,12～42个月的幼儿处于好动状态,配合率略低,但也远高于以往文献报道;随幼儿年龄增加,其条栅视力亦逐渐增加。通过散点图估计发育趋势线图,可见出生后12个月的幼儿视力提高显著,之后条栅视力稳步上升,30～36个月视力变化相对趋于平缓,36个月之后的条栅视力发育进入平台期。结论应用电脑控制的 COPL 视力检测系统对学龄前幼儿条栅视力检查有较好的临床效果,可有效地应用于学龄前婴幼儿视力发育的研究,了解不同年龄段条栅视力发育的快慢及其发育成熟的年龄和可以发育的最高程度。

Objective To study the developmental trend of the binocular grating acuity of preschool children. Methods Binocular grating acuities in 599 children from 2 months to 72 months old （ 18 groups） were measured using the closed-circuit operant preferential looking system （COPLs）. The children included in the investigation were required to be a normal term birth, development and normal eyes, and cycloplegic refraction error within specific limits. The system＇s reliabilities and measurable rates were also evaluated. Results The difference of the vision acuities obtained by the same tester on different days has no statistic significance. The measurable rates reached 90% in most age groups. The grating acuity of the children included in the study developed rapidly during first year, and then it reached to a slower development period from 30 to 36-months, the grating acuity stabilized after 3 years old. Conclusion The COPL system is a practical devise to assess the grating visual acuity of infants and preschool children and it can be used to investigate the vision developmental trend including speed, age of its maturation and the top-acuity of the development.