南通市新城桥街道60岁及以上人群盲和低视力的现况调查

A cross-sectional survey of blindness and low vision among adults aged 60 years and above in Xinchengqiao Blocks, Nantong

目的调查江苏省南通市城市人口中60岁及以上人群盲和低视力的患病率及其原因。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取新城桥街道14个社区中的8个,并对所有60岁及以上人群进行检查。分别检查小孔视力和日常生活视力,应用裂隙灯显微镜和直接检眼镜等仪器检查受检者外眼、眼前节及眼底等情况。正式调查前先进行预试验。结果共检录3352人,受检人数为3040人,应答率90.69%。按小孔视力和世界卫生组织视力损伤标准,双眼盲和低视力患病率分别为1.35%和1.84%,其中女性分别为1.92%和2.33%,男性为0.66%和1.24%;盲和低视力患病率随着年龄的增长而增加;致盲和低视力的首要原因为白内障。按日常生活视力和视力损伤标准,双眼盲和视力损伤的患病率分别为1.58%和13.59%,其中女性分别为2.10%和15.98%,男性为0.95%和10.66%;盲和视力损伤的患病率亦随年龄的增长而增加;致双眼盲的首要原因亦为白内障。结论南通市60岁及以上城市人群盲的患病率低于华北、华南及西部地区。女性与文盲的盲和低视力患病率分别高于男性与非文盲。南通市城市人口中致盲的主要原因依次为白内障、眼底异常、屈光不正及角膜瘢痕或混浊等。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision among adults aged ≥60 years in the urban population of Nantong. Methods Cluster sampling was used to select 8 from 14 communities in Xinchengqiao Blocks, in which all individuals aged ≥60 years were visited. The visual acuity without correction and the presenting acuity with the participants＇ habitual distance correction were measured separately for each eye. In individuals with visual acuity less than 0.6, pinhole visual acuity was tested with pinhole spectacle. External eye, anterior segment and ocular fundus were examined by the ophthalmologist using a slit lamp-microscope and direct ophthalmoscopy. The survey was preceded by a pilot study. Results Of 3352 enumerated subjects, 30,40 individuals participated in this survey （90.69% response rate ）. According to pinhole visual acuity and World Health Organization （WHO） visual impairment criterion （ blindness., less than 0.05 in the better eye ; low vision ： less than 0.3 to 0.05 in the better eye）, the prevalence of blindness and low vision was 1. 35% and 1. 84% respectively. The prevalence of blindness and low vision for females were 1.92% and 2. 33% , respectively, which were differenced from that in males （0.66% and 1.24% , respectively）. The prevalence of blindness and low vision increased with age. The survey showed that the most important cause leading to blindness and low vision was cataract. According to the presenting visual acuity and visual impairment criterion （blindness： less than 0.1 in both eyes）, the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment was 1.58% and 13.59% , respectively, 2. 10% and 15.98% in females and 0.95% and 10. 66% in males, respectively. The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment was raised with increasing age. Cataract was also the leading cause for blindness. Conclusions The prevalenceof blindness in the Nantong area was lower than that in northern, southern and western China. Females and illiteracy were more likely to have blindness and low vision than that of males and literate. The leading causes of blindness in Nantong are, in descending sequence, cataract, ocular fundus diseases, ametropia and corneal scar/opacity.