含油气盆地成岩作用的科学问题及研究前沿

Scientific problems and frontiers of sedimentary diagenesis research in oil-gas-bearing basins

1990年代以来成岩作用研究在国际沉积学中的地位已经发生重要转变,成岩作用研究群体或'共同体'已经初步形成。从岩石类型、地理-气候环境类型、成岩演化阶段、盆地类型等不同方面,本文概括和论述了成岩作用的知识体系,在此基础上提出了当今含油气盆地成岩作用的核心科学问题,即'盆地动力学过程控制的流体-岩石相互作用系统及其时空演变机制'。围绕该科学问题,并结合本专辑讨论的热点,进一步分析了成岩作用的盆地动力学背景、流体-岩石作用机制和分布、成岩圈闭和成藏条件、油气勘探开发应用等研究前沿及其存在问题,特别针对性地指出了我国含油气盆地成岩作用研究应该加大投入的领域。

A historical review on developments of international sedimentology shows that the role of diagenesis in sedimentology evidently has changed since 1990s, and the diagenesis research community basically has been forming in the world. The authors synoptically suggest the knowledge system of diagenesis from four aspects： petrological types, geographical-climatic types, diagenetic phases and basin types, and further indicates a key scientific problem of diagenesis research in the oil-gas-bearing basins, that is, fluid-rock interaction systems and their spatio-temporal evolutional mechanisms controlled by basin geodynamic process. Subsequently, combined with focus themes in the Special Issue, this paper presents and discusses main frontiers of sedimentary diagenesis research in oil-gas-bearing basins, including basin geodynamic setting of diagenesis, fluid-rock interaction mechanisms and distribution, diagenetic traps and pool-forming condition, diagenetic application in oil-gas exploration and development. Finally some important but unsubstantial research fields are indicated in allusion to current diagenetic development in China.