论中国现代文学的批评本体形态

The Critical Form of Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature

中国现代文学除了一般意义上的创作之外,还有以较为直接的社会批评和文明批评为写作主旨的文学形态,包括杂文,包括文艺家的政论,也包括少量的“观点小说”和其他文体。它们作为批评同样获得了文学本体的意义,从对象和范围上看,显然与通常所说的文学批评大不一样。“五四”新文化运动通过思想革命和人生关怀将文学革命的热点引导到政治、文化、社会、人生批评方面,确立了中国现代文学的批评本体传统,而新文学的创作本体则相对滞后。

Apart from the modern and contemporary Chinese literature in the general sense, there is another form of writing which aims to be direct criticism of the society in particular and of civilization in general, including essays, political argumentation, and a few “point-of-view” novels and other genres. As criticisms they have gained their importance as literature itself and therefore are different from literary criticism in their objects and categories. The May the Fourth Movement had directed literary revolution to the political, cultural, social, and human life through revolutions of thought and concern for life, thus establishing the critical tradition of modern Chinese literature, compared with which, the creation of New Literature was lagging behind.