黑木耳多糖对生物机体运动能力的影响

Effects of Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide on sport capacity of living organism

目的:观察黑木耳多糖对小鼠机体抗疲劳及对离体蟾蜍腓肠肌收缩时间的影响,全面探讨黑木耳多糖对运动能力的影响。方法:实验于2004-02/07在鲁东大学生命科学院生理实验室和体育学院运动生化实验室完成。①雄性昆明种小鼠40只,采用随机数字表法将小鼠分为对照组和多糖组、每组20只。多糖组小鼠灌胃黑木耳粗多糖眼(2.5mg/(kg·d),黑木耳粗多糖由烟台师范学院食用菌研究所提供,黑木耳的深层液体培养菌丝体经破壁、水提、醇沉为黑木耳粗多糖演,对照组灌胃生理盐水0.2mL/d,连续灌胃20d。观察黑木耳粗多糖对小鼠耐缺氧、力竭游泳时间、血红蛋白、肝糖原及小鼠负重5%体质量游泳20min后血乳酸、血尿氮的水平的影响。②7只蟾蜍双毁髓后,分离腓肠肌,去除坐骨神经,浸于20℃任氏液中静置10min。随机将同一只蟾蜍的两条腓肠肌标本分别为多糖组和对照组(n=7),多糖组加入相应体积0.1g/L浓度的黑木耳纯多糖溶液,对照组加入等体积的任氏液。采用脉冲式电流直接刺激离体蟾蜍腓肠肌作为疲劳模型,测定肌肉收缩幅度下降到最大收缩幅度90%的时间,下降到50%的时间和下降到10%的时间。结果:40只小鼠及两组各7个蟾蜍腓肠肌标本全部进入结果分析。①小鼠耐缺氧、力竭游泳时间:多糖组耐缺氧时间显著长于对照组眼(51.5±8.4,42.9±7.4)min,P<0.05演。两组力竭游泳时间差异不显著。②小鼠血红蛋白、肝糖原及定量负荷后血乳酸及血尿素氮水平:多糖组血红蛋白显著高于对照组眼(120.0±4.3),(111.0±5.3)g/L,P<0.05演;多糖组血乳酸及血尿氮水平显著低于对照组眼(4.52±1.69)比(6.43±1.38)mmol/L,(2.52±0.44)比(3.03±0.45)mmol/L,P<0.05演;两组肝糖元水平差异无显著性。③蟾蜍腓肠肌肌肉收缩持续时间:收缩幅度下降到最大收缩幅度90%,50%,10%的时间,多糖组均比对照组明显延长眼(199.71±35.88)比(121.14±47.55)s,(538.29±60.28)比(451.43±82.62)s,(2931.86±238.32)比(2529.14±291.89)s,P<0.05或P<0.01演。结论:①黑木耳粗多糖能明显提高小鼠耐缺氧时间、血红蛋白水平,降低定量负荷后血乳酸及血尿氮水平。②黑木耳多糖能明显延长肌肉收缩幅度下降到最大收缩幅度的时间。③黑木耳多糖具有明显的提高运动能力的作用。

AIM： To observe the effects of Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide on anti-fatigue in mice and on systolic time of isolated toad gastrocnemius, and study the effects of Auricularia auricula Underw Polysaccharide on sport capacity. METHODS： The experiment was done in Physiology Laboratory of Life Science College and Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory of Physical Education College from February to July 2004 in Ludong Univemity.① Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, including 20 mice in each. The mice of experimental group were intragastrically fed with Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide （2.5 mg/kg dairy, provided by Institute of Domestic Fungus, Yantai Normal University. The myeelium of Auricularia auricula Underw was cultured in deep layer liquid, and prepared into Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide after water extracting and ethanol precipitating）, while the mice of control group were injected intragastrically with 0.2 mL saline dairy for continuous 20 days. The time of tolerating hypoxia and exhausting swimming, hemoglobin （Hb）, hepatic glycogen as well as blood lactate and urea nitrogen after swimming in load of 5% body weight for 20 minutes were measured. ② Seven toads were selected to isolate gastrocnemius and remove sciatic nerve, and then were immersed in ringer solution for 10 minutes at 20℃. Two gastrocnemius samples of each toad were randomized into experimental group and control group, totally 7 samples in each. Experimental group was added with Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide solution in the concentration of 0.1 g/L, while the control group was added with equal saline. The fatigue model was established by pulsed-wave mode current stimulating isolated toad gastrocnemius, and the contract time of muscular systolic range were determined, including decreased to 90% （t0.9）, 50% （t0.5） and 10% （t0.1）. RESULTS： A total of 40 mice and 7 toads entered in the result analysis. ①Time of tolerating hypoxia and exhausting swimming of mice： The experimental group showed significantly longer time of tolerating hypoxia than control group [（51.5±8.4, 42.9±7.4） minutes, P 〈 0.05], and. there was insignificant difference in exhausting swimming between the two groups.② Hb, hepatic glycogen, blood lactate and blood urea nitrogen after fixed quantitative load： Hb was significantly higher in experimental group than in control group [（120.0±4.3）, （111.1±5.3） g/L, P 〈 0.05]. Blood lactate and blood urea nitrogenous were both markedly lower in experimental group than in control group [（4.52±1.69）, （6.43±1.38） mmol/L （2.52±0.44）, （3.03±0.45） mmol/L, P 〈 0.05]. There was no obvious difference in hepatic glycogen between two groups. ③The duration of muscular systolic range in toads： t0.9, t0.5 and t0.1 were all markedly longer in experimental group than in control group [（199.71 ±35.88）, （121.14±47.55） s, （538.29 ±60.28）, （451.43±82.62） s; （2 931.86±238.32）, （2 529.14±291.89） s, P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： ①Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide can obviously rise the time of tolerating hypoxia and Hb level, but decrease the levels of blood lactate and blood urea nitrogen after fixed quantitative load. ②Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide can markedly prolong the time of muscular systolic range decreasing to the largest contraction range.③ Auricularia auricula Underw polysaccharide can raise sport capacity evidently.