中国化工废渣污染现状及资源化途径

Pollution and utilization of chemical industry waste slag in China

对我国的化工废渣的现状进行了初步调查,发现废渣中包含大量金属,并对几种典型化工废渣(铬渣、砷渣、盐泥、汞渣、磷渣、含氰废渣和磷石膏)组成以及现有的资源化工艺进行了简要的介绍。同时认为化工废渣的无控制堆放,极易对周边的大气、水和土壤造成不可恢复的污染。最后对于化工废渣的可能的控制手段、存在的问题以及发展方向进行了论述,认为:对于化工废渣,在进行常规无害化处理,减少其对周围生态环境影响的基础上,应着重对其中的一些化工废渣(如废催化剂)提高其资源化利用技术含量,回收金属等有用物质,剩余骨料则可进行如水泥添加剂、铺路等低层次的资源化途径。

The primary information of waste slag of chemical industry in China, especially the chemical composition and production output, were summarized. The total metal contents in the waste slag of chemical industry in China included Fe （calibrated as Fe2O3） 9030～10560 kt/a, Al （calibrated as Al2O3） 3380～4280 kt/a, Ba （calibrated as BaSO4） 250～380 kt/a, while Mg （calibrated as MgO） 1910～2770 kt/a. As to waste catalyst in chemical industry, the contents of precious metals are higher, such as Co 100～720 t/a, Pt group 0.4～0.5t/a, Ag 130～ 170 t/a, Cr 600～2000 t/a. The potential pollution control, treatment technologies of waste slag and the development trends were also described. It is suggested that based on harmless treatment, the waste slag of chemical industry should be regarded as the secondary resource and be reused according to its own characteristics, among which the recovery of metals from slag is more important, comparing to the other ways, such as using as road construction and substitute materials for cement.