郁金香引种栽培研究

Study on the Introduction and Experiment in Tulip Cultivation

从荷兰引进4个郁金香品种,调查并比较了各品种的植物学特性、物候期、生长发育规律和种球繁殖特性。结果表明:品种LargeCopper的种球最矮,茎上柔毛最长;品种Toronto的种球膜质鳞片为桔红色,无光泽,叶片上有红褐色条纹,种球最高、最重,内外轮花瓣长最长,花径、花高、雌蕊高、花药长和花丝长均最大,但内、外轮花瓣最窄;品种Pink Impression植株最高,叶片长而宽。供试4个品种郁金香均在4月上旬萌芽,1周后展叶,4月末现蕾,5月上旬开花。花期一般为10 d,品种Toronto的花期最短,仅为1周;品种Apricot Beauty花期最长,可达2周。4个品种在现蕾前后到盛花期生长迅速。品种Apricot Beauty的种球繁殖系数最高,达4.91。品种Pink Impression的一级子球产量较高,为31.1%。

Four tulip cultivars were introduced from Holland. Their botanical characteristics, phonological period, growth and propagation were investigated and compared. The results showed that bulb of cuhivar-Large Copper were short and with longest hair on stem, Membranous scales of dtivar-Toronto were nacarat and lackluster, leaf with rufous stripe. The bulb of cultivar-Toronto was highest and weightiest, and flower diameter, corolla height, inner and outer petal length, pistil height, anther length and filament length were biggest, but inner and outer petal was most narrow. The dtivar-Pink Impression was tallest and with longer and wider leaf. Tulip sprouted in the early of April in the open field in Shenyang, and spread leaf after a week. Flower bud emerged in the late of April. Generally blooming was in the early of May and with about a ten-days florescence. Florescence of cultivar-Toronto was only a week, but which of cultivar-Apricot Beauty was up to two weeks. Tulip grew fast from flower bud emergence to full blooming period. The bulb propagation coeflqcient of cultivar-Apricot Beauty was highest（4.91 ）. The yield of largest bulblet of cultivar-Pink Impression was higher and reached to 31. 1%.