论福利经济学的伦理学基础

On the Ethical Foundations of the Welfare Economics

本文探讨了三个问题:第一,为了克服实证经济学的理论局限,福利经济学引入了功利主义作为自己的伦理学基础,实现了实证经济学到规范经济学的转变;第二,仅仅以功利主义作为自己的伦理学基础,福利经济学(通过帕累托准则)无法实现社会福利最大化,因此应该改弦更张,进一步将道义主义作为自己的伦理学基础;第三,同时以功利主义和道义主义作为自己的伦理学基础,福利经济学必须引入伦理妥协的方法,以解决可能遇到的理论不一致问题。

The thesis probes into three questions. The first, in order to overcome theoretical limitation of positive economics, welfare economics introduces utilitarianism as its ethical base and realizes the change from positive economics to welfare economics. The second, because to rely only on the base of utilitarianism, welfare economics （throw Pareto criterion） cannot realize most social welfare. Therefore it must further introduces deontology as its ethical base. The third, based simultaneously on utilitarianism and deontology, welfare economics must introduce the method of ethical compromise to solve the problem of theoretical un-consistency it will encounter possibly.