流动人口不同方式艾滋病健康教育的效果评价

Effectiveness of multiple methods of AIDS health education for floating population

目的针对从事不同职业的流动人群,比较不同干预措施对其艾滋病的相关知识、态度和行为的影响。方法逐级整群抽样选定5组人群,其中一组为当地人群(空白对照),另4组为流动人群(流动人口空白对照组、一般干预组、积极干预组、综合干预组)。结果干预前,流动人群的艾滋病知识知晓率明显低于当地人群;干预后,3个干预组人群的知识知晓率均有显著提高(P<0·01),而空白对照组无明显变化(P>0·05)。流动人群中的建筑工人和工厂务工者,采取一般干预措施(如发放知识手册)的效果最佳;流动人群中的五小企业和娱乐行业从业者,采取综合干预措施(发放知识手册+专题讲座与当面咨询)效果最佳。干预后流动人群与艾滋病相关的态度方面有明显好转,而行为方面的改变差异无显著性。结论在流动人口中开展艾滋病健康教育时,不同行业的人群采取不同的干预措施,可有效地提高其艾滋病的相关知识、改善相关的态度,而相关行为的改变还需要有针对性的技能训练才能实现。

Objective To compare the effectiveness of multiple methods of AIDS health education for floating population. Methods 5 groups （3 intervention groups, 1 floating population control group and 1 local control group ） were selected by cluster multistage sampling. Three different methods of AIDS health education were implemented to 3 intervention groups （delivering throwaways, giving lecture, delivering throwaways plus giving lecture ） . Questionnaire survey was conducted among them before and after intervention. Results Before intervention, the knowledge .scores of floating population was significantly lower than that of local people （P 〈0.01 ）. After intervention, the scores of knowledge were raised significantly in all intervention groups （P 〈 0.01 ）, while there were no significant differences among 2 control groups （P 〉0.05 ）. Delivering throwaways was the best method for builders and factory workers, while the best method for floating population worked at mini service place and entertainment place was delivering throwaways plus giving lecture. Attitudes toward AIDS of the 3 intervention groups were significantly changed after intervention, while the behavior was not significantly changed. Conclusion It＇ s an effective way to improve the AIDS knowledge rate among the floating population through AIDS health education. The method of intervention should be based on the types of their jobs. The change of behavior needs more behavior intervention.