健康教育对预防农村小学生贫血的效果分析

Effects of health education on anemia prevention in rural pupils

目的了解在咸阳地区农村小学开展预防贫血的健康教育活动，为制定有效的针对贫困地区儿童预防贫血的策略提供科学依据。方法按照整群抽样的方法，随机选取咸阳地区北五县（旬邑、长武、彬县、永寿、淳化）的5所小学的学生作为研究对象，进行基线调查，包括体格检查，血红蛋白测定，以及问卷调查；开展知识讲座、主题班会、发放知识手册等多种形式的健康教育活动；6个月后，进行效果评估。结果共调查8～13岁儿童919人，贫血患病率为23．0％，其中男生为20．2％，女生为26．3％，女生高于男生（χ^2=4．882，P〈0．05）；干预前后学生对于贫血知识的掌握程度有明显提高，相关态度和行为也有显著改变。结论在贫困农村小学生中开展健康教育活动，能普及合理营养及平衡膳食知识，提高学生、家长和学校对贫血的认识水平，应制定相关策略长期实施。

Objective To evaluate the effects of health education on anemia prevention in rural pupils. Methods A health education program, including physical examination, hemoglobin （Hb） determination, lectures, booklets, theme class meeting, quiz, blackboard, promotion of behavior changes, etc, was carried out among 919 pupils of grades 2-5, aged 8-13, 501 male and 418 female, in five primary schools in Xunyi, Changwu, Binxian, Yongshou, and Chunhua counties selected by cluster sampling in Xianyang area. Questionnaire survey was conducted before-the health education intervention and by the end of the intervention 6 months later. Results The prevalence of anemia in the pupils was 23.0 %, slightly higher in girls （26.3 % ） than that in boys （20.2 % ）. The correct answer rates of the 10 questions about anemia after the intervention were 21.7 % -89.9 %, all significantly higher than those before the intervention （4.6 % - 48.7 %, all P〈 0.01 ）. The correct attitude rates about anemia after the intervention were all higher than those before the intervention （P〈 0.01 or P〈 0.05）, except that the importance of nutrition knowledge that had been rather high before the intervention （97.4% vs 97.3%, P 〉 0.05 ） . The rates of anemia-related behaviors after the intervention were all higher than those before the intervention （P〈 0.01 or P〈 0.05）, except the rate of the behavior of eating breakfast （53.1% vs 49.4%, P〉0.05 ）. Conclusion Health education about anemia helps improve the KAP about asnemia among rural pupils.