酸化剂、益生素和寡糖对断奶仔猪粪中微生物菌群和免疫功能的影响及其互作效应研究

Study on the Effects and the Interactions of Acidifier,Probiotics and Oligosaccharides on Microbial Population and Immune Function of Weaning Piglets

本试验旨在研究酸化剂、益生素和寡糖单独或合并使用对断奶仔猪微生物菌群以及免疫功能的影响。试验采用2×2×2因子设计,共8个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验结果表明:(1)试验全期添加酸化剂提高血液IgG水平(21.74%),降低粪便中大肠杆菌的数量(58.31%);添加益生素显著提高血液IgG水平(10.40%,P<0.05),极显著提高淋巴细胞转化率(6.61%,P<0.01);添加寡糖极显著提高血液IgG水平(19.23%,P<0.01)和淋巴细胞转化率(11.76%,P<0.01)。添加酸化剂、益生素或寡糖均提高粪便中乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)益生素加酸化剂、寡糖加酸化剂、益生素加寡糖、三者合用显著提高血液IgG水平和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),对血液IgM水平没有显著的影响(P>0.05)。酸化剂和益生素对提高断奶仔猪血液IgG水平具有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。酸化剂和寡糖、益生素和寡糖对血液IgA水平具有极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)的互作效应,表现为较单独添加寡糖降低IgA水平;酸化剂和益生素未体现出显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。酸化剂、益生素和寡糖合用较对照组和单独添加降低大肠杆菌数量,较单独添加降低淋巴细胞转化率,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此得出结论:酸化剂、益生素、寡糖单独或合并使用均能改善断奶仔猪微生物菌群,增强其免疫功能。

A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial trial was conducted to investigate the effects and the interactions of acidifier, probiotics and oligosaccharides on microbial population in feces and the immune function of piglets. There were 8 treatments and each treatment had 4 replicates with 1 piglet per replicate. The results showed 1） during the whole trial period, the addition of acidifier tended to improve the level of serum immunoglobulin G by 21.74% and to decrease the number of Escherichia coli by 58.31%. The supplementation of probiotics also improved the level of serum immunoglobulin G by 10.40% （P〈0.05） and lymphocyte blastogenesis by 6.61% （P〈0.01）. The addition of oligosaccharides improved the level of lymphocyte blastogenesis and serum immunoglobulin G by 11.76% （P〈10.01） and 19.23% （P〈10.01）. The number of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium was increased and the number of Escherichia coli was dereased when acidifier, probiotics or oligosaccharides were added into diet （P〈10.05） ; 2） the combinations of probiotics with acidifier, oligosaccharides with acidifier, probiotics with oligosaccharide, and the combination of the three additives improved the level of IgG in serum;improved lymphocyte blastogenesis. The addition of two of the three additives or all of them together hardly affected the level of IgM in serum （P〉0.05）. There lied interaction between probiotics and acidifier on improving the serum IgG level （P〈10.05）. There lied interaction between oligosaccharides and acidifier （P〈0.01）, oligosaccharides and probiotics on serum IgA （P〈10.05）, which suggested that their combination decreased IgA level in comparison with adding oligosaccharides. When the significant level was a little more than 0. 10, there lied interaction between acidfier and probiotics on increasing IgA concentration （P = 0. 1198）. The addition of acidifier, probiotics and oligosaccharides combined decreased the number of Escherichia coli and lymphocyte blastogenesis, in comparison with their using alone, the effect was not significant （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the addition of acidifier, probiotics and oligosaccharides alone or combined in the diet improved microbial population status and immune function of weaning piglets. [Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2006,18（3） ：172-178 ]