国境口岸医学媒介生物入侵的形势和管理策略

The Situation and Management Strategies of the Invasion of Rodents and Insect Vectors at National Frontier Port

[目的]控制外来媒介生物的入侵,防止媒介生物性疾病的传播,保障我国的卫生安全。[方法]对国境口岸医学媒介生物入侵的形势和途径进行分析。[结果]全球100种最具威胁的外来生物中,入侵我国的有50余种,外来人侵物种每年对中国造成的经济损失约1 198．76亿元。2005年国境口岸卫生检疫机构共截获入境医学媒介生物1．5亿只,其入境载体主要是交通工具、货物和集装箱。目前我国法定的传染病有36种,其中鼠疫、肾综合征出血热等13种疾病为媒介生物性疾病。[结论]卫生检疫机构防范媒介生物入侵的策略应包括：法规与宣传,技术力量建设与储备、信息数据库建设、预警机制的建立和预防措施的实施。

Objective To discuss the strategies to control the rodents and insect vectors and prevent vector- bome diseases. Methods To map up the relevent strategies for control and prevention by analyzing the situation and rounts of the invasion of rodents and insect vectors. Results The main invasion way of rodents and insect vectors was inadvertent importation by conveyances and containers. Most of the vectors were fly and cockroach and their quantity was arising every year. Conclusion In order to prevent and control the invasion of rodents and insect vectors, the frontier health and quarantine organizations should adopt effective measures, including the formulation of perfect laws and long - term information campaign , the strengthening of technology and its reserve, the building of information database and the establishing of a mechanism about risk forecast of health and quarantine.