医学实验室生物安全与鼠疫实验室建设

Biological Safety in Medical Laboratory and Plague Laboratory Construction

[目的]强化实验室生物安全法制、科学、严谨、完全的防护理念,规范鼠疫实验室建设和活动。[方法]收集和对比国内外有关病原微生物实验室方面的法规、标准、要求。[结果]实验室感染可发生在不同级别的实验室,甚至是生物安全防护实验室；病原微生物危害被分为4类(级)；人类对实验室感染防范逐步趋于完善；就鼠疫实验室建设而言,根据实验室承担的任务性质,建立不同级别的鼠疫实验室较为适宜。[结论]口岸鼠疫检疫体现在疫情监测、病原体快速检测、正确判定染疫和快速应急反应上。口岸鼠疫实验室建设应定位在生物安全Ⅱ级以上,在周边国家鼠疫疫情频发、长期存在疫情并有传人风险的口岸建设鼠疫生物安全Ⅲ级实验室也是必要的。

Objective To strengthen the statutory, scientific, strict and complete protection concept on the biological safety in laboratory and to regulate the plague laboratory construction and activities. Method The regulations, standards and requirements regarding the pathogen microorganism laboratory both from home and abroad were collected and compared. Result The laboratory infection may occur in laboratories at different levels, even in the laboratories with biological safe protection. The hazard caused by pathogen microorganism has been divided into four class（ levels） .Prevention from the laboratory infection has been completed gradually. For the construction of plague laboratory, it is suitable to set up the laboratories of different levels according to the characteristics of the tasks undertaken by the laboratories. Conclusion The plague quarantine in the port features epidemic situation monitouing, quick pathogen detection, correct infection judgment and quick emergency action. The construction of the plague laboratory in the port shall be above Level -Ⅱ biological safety. For the ports that are near those countries where the plague occurs frequently and the epidemic situation exists for long time and that the prevalence risk is high, it is neccessary to set up the laboratory at Level-Ⅲ plague biological safety.