玉米自交系的配合力遗传分析

Hereditary Analysis of Combining Ability of Maize Inbred Lines

采用完全双列杂交试验设计,对8个玉米自交系的10个主要性状的配合力和群体遗传参数进行分析.结果表明,组合及10个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达显著或极显著水平.穗粗、穗行数、千粒重3个性状的狭义遗传力超过了80%,可以在早代选择,而单株产量、行粒数、穗长的狭义遗传力较低,受环境影响大,不利于早代选择;对亲本间的GCA效应和杂交组合间的SCA效应分析表明,自交系L103在降低株高、穗位高,提高结实性,增加穗行数、提高出籽率等性状上优于吉853,自交系L102-2在降低株高、穗位高,提高结实性,增加穗长、穗行数、行粒数,提高产量和出籽率性状上优于4F1,是综合性状相对较好的玉米种质.

The combining ability and population genetic parameters of ten main features belonging to eight maize inbred lines were studied by the design of complete diallel crossing method. It showed that the combination and difference between the GCA and SCA of 10 main features were quite obvious. The special heritabiliw of ear diameter, row number of ear and weight of 1000 grains were over 80 %. They will be selected in an early generation. The heritability of yield per plant, grain number of row and ear length was relatively lower, greatly affected by the environment, unfavorable for early selection. The analysis of GCA effect of parental forms and SCA effect of cross-bred combination showed that L103 inbred line was superior to Ji 853 in the aspects of the plant height reduction and ear height increase, row numbers of an ear and the seed rate improvement. L102 was superior to 4F1 in the aspects of the plant height reduction and ear height increase, the improvement of an ear length, row number of an ear, grain number of each row, yield and seed rate. Thus, 4F1 was a better strain in its comprehensive characters.