摘要
人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)是全球新生儿先天性及围产期感染中最常见的病毒。在发达国家活存的新生儿中,约有1％发生HCMV先天性感染,发展中国家较多;围产期感染的比前者更多。绝大多数感染者,为慢性无症状感染,约有10％有症状。有的危害性还很大,成为全球一个尚未解决的主要公共卫生问题。感染者在排放病毒时,如与人密切接触,就可把病毒传递给易感者。自50年代病毒分离后,随之证实它是先天性感染产生胎儿畸形、智力障碍及听力低下,以及多种神经后遗症的主要病原体。它还在输血、器官移植、艾滋病及各种慢性病史,导致严重后果甚至死亡。感染此病毒的婴幼儿为HCMV传递的良好媒介。现证明医院中工作人员,通过卫生操作常规,可以防止HCMV传递。因此这种常规应扩大到社会生活中,作为预防先天性HCMV感染,是极为迫切的预防措施。
Human Cytomegalovirus(HCMV)is the most common cause of congenital and perinatal viral infections throughout the world,congenital infection ocvurs in 1% of all live births in developed nations and in an even higher percentage in developing countries. Perinatal infections are much more prevalent than congenital infections. The vast majority of these infections are chronic, subclinical forms, but symtomatic infetions are sufficiently prevalent and dangerous to represent a major unsolved public health problem throughout the world.
Young children appear to be very effective vectors of HCMVtransmission. This is probably the result of close contact with virus-containing urine and saliva ,which is characteristic of this age group. By contrast, health care workers,even in pediatric and transplant settings, have not generally been found to have higher seroconversion rates than the general population,not have they been shown to have the same virus as their patient by genomic analysis. This suggests that the norms of professional hygiene are sufficient to protect against what might seem to be equally close contact with urine and other infected secretions. Thus these measures,as practiced in hospitals, are adequate to prevent HCMV transmission. A prophylactic strategy for HCMVseronegative pregnant women is urgently needed.
